Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC
Identifieur interne : 000473 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000472; suivant : 000474Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC
Auteurs : Kazuya Shirato [Japon] ; Simenew Keskes Melaku [Éthiopie] ; Kengo Kawachi [Japon] ; Naganori Nao [Japon] ; Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa [Japon] ; Miyuki Kawase [Japon] ; Wataru Kamitani [Japon] ; Shutoku Matsuyama [Japon] ; Tesfaye Sisay Tessema [Éthiopie] ; Hiroshi Sentsui [Japon]Source :
- Frontiers in Microbiology [ 1664-302X ] ; 2019.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01326
PubMed: 31275264
PubMed Central: 6593072
Affiliations:
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Syndrome Coronavirus in Dromedaries in Ethiopia Is Antigenically Different From the Middle East Isolate EMC</title><author><name sortKey="Shirato, Kazuya" sort="Shirato, Kazuya" uniqKey="Shirato K" first="Kazuya" last="Shirato">Kazuya Shirato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line>Musashimurayama</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" sort="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" uniqKey="Melaku S" first="Simenew Keskes" last="Melaku">Simenew Keskes Melaku</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University</institution>,<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawachi, Kengo" sort="Kawachi, Kengo" uniqKey="Kawachi K" first="Kengo" last="Kawachi">Kengo Kawachi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University</institution>,<addr-line>Suita</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nao, Naganori" sort="Nao, Naganori" uniqKey="Nao N" first="Naganori" last="Nao">Naganori Nao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line>Musashimurayama</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" sort="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" uniqKey="Iwata Yoshikawa N" first="Naoko" last="Iwata-Yoshikawa">Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line>Musashimurayama</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawase, Miyuki" sort="Kawase, Miyuki" uniqKey="Kawase M" first="Miyuki" last="Kawase">Miyuki Kawase</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line>Musashimurayama</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamitani, Wataru" sort="Kamitani, Wataru" uniqKey="Kamitani W" first="Wataru" last="Kamitani">Wataru Kamitani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Laboratory of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University</institution>,<addr-line>Suita</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matsuyama, Shutoku" sort="Matsuyama, Shutoku" uniqKey="Matsuyama S" first="Shutoku" last="Matsuyama">Shutoku Matsuyama</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases</institution>,<addr-line>Musashimurayama</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" sort="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" uniqKey="Tessema T" first="Tesfaye Sisay" last="Tessema">Tesfaye Sisay Tessema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University</institution>,<addr-line>Addis Ababa</addr-line>,<country>Ethiopia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sentsui, Hiroshi" sort="Sentsui, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Sentsui H" first="Hiroshi" last="Sentsui">Hiroshi Sentsui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University</institution>,<addr-line>Fujisawa</addr-line>,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Microbiology</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-302X</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is an emerging respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). MERS has been endemic to Saudi Arabia since 2012. The reservoir of MERS-CoV is the dromedary camel, suggesting that MERS is primarily a zoonotic disease. MERS-CoV is common in dromedaries throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and East Africa as evidenced by neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV; however, human cases have remained limited to the Middle East. To better understand the cause of this difference, the virological properties of African camel MERS-CoV were analyzed based on the spike (S) protein in Ethiopia. Nasal swabs were collected from 258 young dromedaries (≤ 2 years old) in the Afar region of Ethiopia, of which 39 were positive for MERS-CoV, as confirmed by genetic tests. All positive tests were exclusive to the Amibara woreda region. Using next-generation sequencing, two full-length genomes of Amibara isolates were successfully decoded; both isolates belonged to the C2 clade based on phylogenetic analysis of full-length and S protein sequences. Recombinant EMC isolates of MERS-CoV, in which the S protein is replaced with those of Amibara isolates, were then generated to test the roles of these proteins in viral properties. Amibara S recombinants replicated more slowly in cultured cells than in EMC S recombinants. In neutralizing assays, Amibara S recombinants were neutralized by lower concentrations of sera from both Ethiopian dromedaries and EMC isolate (wild-type)-immunized mouse sera, relative to the EMC S recombinants, indicating that viruses coated in the Amibara S protein were easier to neutralize than the EMC S protein. Neutralization experiments performed using S1/S2 chimeric recombinants of the EMC and Amibara S proteins showed that the neutralization profile was dependent on the S1 region of the S protein. These results suggest that the slower viral replication and the ease of neutralization seen in the Ethiopian MERS-CoV are due to strain-specific differences in the S protein and may account for the absence of human MERS-CoV cases in Ethiopia.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alagaili, A N" uniqKey="Alagaili A">A. N. Alagaili</name></author><author><name sortKey="Briese, T" uniqKey="Briese T">T. Briese</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mishra, N" uniqKey="Mishra N">N. Mishra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kapoor, V" uniqKey="Kapoor V">V. Kapoor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sameroff, S C" uniqKey="Sameroff S">S. C. Sameroff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burbelo, P D" uniqKey="Burbelo P">P. D. Burbelo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ami, Y" uniqKey="Ami Y">Y. Ami</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagata, N" uniqKey="Nagata N">N. 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Bestebroer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, A D" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">A. D. Osterhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fouchier, R A" uniqKey="Fouchier R">R. A. Fouchier</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S">S. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, P" uniqKey="Zhou P">P. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, P" uniqKey="Wang P">P. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jiang, L" uniqKey="Jiang L">L. Jiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jia, W" uniqKey="Jia W">W. Jia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Japon</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Shirato, Kazuya" sort="Shirato, Kazuya" uniqKey="Shirato K" first="Kazuya" last="Shirato">Kazuya Shirato</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" sort="Iwata Yoshikawa, Naoko" uniqKey="Iwata Yoshikawa N" first="Naoko" last="Iwata-Yoshikawa">Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa</name><name sortKey="Kamitani, Wataru" sort="Kamitani, Wataru" uniqKey="Kamitani W" first="Wataru" last="Kamitani">Wataru Kamitani</name><name sortKey="Kawachi, Kengo" sort="Kawachi, Kengo" uniqKey="Kawachi K" first="Kengo" last="Kawachi">Kengo Kawachi</name><name sortKey="Kawase, Miyuki" sort="Kawase, Miyuki" uniqKey="Kawase M" first="Miyuki" last="Kawase">Miyuki Kawase</name><name sortKey="Matsuyama, Shutoku" sort="Matsuyama, Shutoku" uniqKey="Matsuyama S" first="Shutoku" last="Matsuyama">Shutoku Matsuyama</name><name sortKey="Nao, Naganori" sort="Nao, Naganori" uniqKey="Nao N" first="Naganori" last="Nao">Naganori Nao</name><name sortKey="Sentsui, Hiroshi" sort="Sentsui, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Sentsui H" first="Hiroshi" last="Sentsui">Hiroshi Sentsui</name></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" sort="Melaku, Simenew Keskes" uniqKey="Melaku S" first="Simenew Keskes" last="Melaku">Simenew Keskes Melaku</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" sort="Tessema, Tesfaye Sisay" uniqKey="Tessema T" first="Tesfaye Sisay" last="Tessema">Tesfaye Sisay Tessema</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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